1. Medical statistics

Tests of significance, part 1

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Corona virus infections

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV),  Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) as well as Wuhan Corona virus disease of 2019 (Wuhan COVID-19).                                                              Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new type of atypical pneumonia that infects […]
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  1. Medical statistics

Tests of significance, part 1

Tests of significance: Statistical significance means there is a good chance that a relationship exists between two variables. Null hypothesis: States that there is no relationship between any two variables, so statistical effort will be directed to prove that Null hypothesis is likely or not likely. Statistical significance means that null hypothesis is unlikely. Statistical […]
  1. Medical statistics

Normal distribution

In probability theory, a normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace –Gauss) distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for  a real valued random variable.  {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{\sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}}e^{-{\frac {1}{2}}\left({\frac {x-\mu }{\sigma }}\right)^{2}}} Normal distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known. Their importance is partly due to the central limit theorem. It states that, under […]
  1. Medical statistics

Data, variables and parameters

Data refers to information collected through field studies or obtained from census or records.                                                                                         The ordinary sequence of dealing with data is collection, analysis and presentation.                                                                                                       Cross-Sectional Data: Are the data collected about individuals at only one point in time without any follow up.                                              Longitudinal Data: Are the data collected from the same individuals […]
  1. Medical statistics

Tests of significance, part 2

The t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student’s t-distribution under the null hypothesis. A t-test is the most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known. When the scaling term is unknown and is replaced by an estimate based on the data, the test statistics (under certain conditions) […]
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